Pregnancy With Endometrial Tissue Disorders

There are several reasons couples may face fertility issues or pregnancy difficulties. Infertility can be due to female or male factors, caused by both parties, or unexplained. Adenomyosis and endometriosis are 2 disorders that negatively impact female fertility, making pregnancy harder. When endometrial tissue disorders are at play, proper management and treatment are necessary to have a baby.

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Adenomyosis vs endometriosis

When the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus, a woman is said to have adenomyosis. This condition makes the uterus thick and enlarged. Endometriosis is when the endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis may also involve other structures such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and bowel.

Comparing symptoms

Adenomyosis and endometriosis can both cause pelvic pain and painful periods. Adenomyosis can cause abnormal menstrual problems such as heavy bleeding and an enlarged uterus. Endometriosis causes pain during urination and bowel movements, spotting or bleeding between periods, and stomach issues. Both medical conditions reduce the chances of pregnancy.

Negative effects on fertility

A woman with adenomyosis has a decreased chance of becoming pregnant. If pregnancy is achieved, miscarriage and premature labor are possible risks. Like adenomyosis, endometriosis can also affect a woman’s likelihood of conceiving. When endometrial tissue grows on the fallopian tubes, the organ can become blocked, impacting the embryo’s ability to reach the uterus.

Management of adenomyosis

Over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications can be used to control adenomyosis pain. Hormonal birth control, including pills, injections, and intrauterine devices (IUD), can also help control symptoms and decrease pain. Hysterectomy, which is the removal of the uterus, is another treatment option. After menopause, the symptoms of adenomyosis usually subside.

Treating endometriosis

Like adenomyosis, endometriosis pain can be managed with OTC pain medications. Hormonal treatments for the condition include oral contraceptives, progestin, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. Laparoscopy and surgery are usually the last resort. For both endometriosis and adenomyosis, the treatment depends on whether the patient plans to conceive or not in the future.

Moving on to IVF

If more conservative treatments fail to reduce the symptoms of endometriosis and adenomyosis, the doctor may suggest in vitro fertilization (IVF) to get pregnant. This procedure involves fertilizing the egg with the sperm in the lab. After fertilization, the embryo is implanted directly into the woman’s uterus. IVF can be particularly helpful if endometrial tissue has blocked the fallopian tubes.

Management and treatment

Both gynecological conditions can be treated and do not pose a risk to a woman’s life. However, both can be painful and reduce the chances of pregnancy. There are ways to manage and treat adenomyosis and endometriosis to achieve successful pregnancy outcomes. Treating each condition depends on the patient’s medical history, symptoms, tests, and desire for children.

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